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Changing File-Folder Permissions |
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All files
on UNIX (including Linux and other UNIX variants) machines have access
permissions. These tell the operating system how to deal with requests to
access these files. There are three types of access:
-
Read -
Denoted as r, files with read access can be displayed to
the user.
-
Write -
Denoted as w, files with write access can be modified by
the user.
-
Execute
- Denoted as x, files with execute access can be executed
as programs by the user.
Access
types are set for three types of user group:
-
User -
The owner of the file.
-
Group -
Other files which are in the same folder or group.
-
World -
Everyone else.
The web
server needs to be able to read your web pages in order to be able to display
them in a browser. The following permissions need to be set in order for your
web site to function properly.
-
All HTML files and images
need to be readable by others. The setting for this is 644 (readable by
User, Group, and World, and writable by User), and is set automatically when
you upload files.
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All folders need to be
executable by others. The setting for this is 755 (readable by User, Group,
and World, writable by User, executable by User, Group, and World), and is
set automatically when you create a folder.
-
All CGI files (all files
in the cgi-bin folder) need to be executable by other. The
setting for this is 755 (readable by User, Group, and World, writable by
User, executable by User, Group, and World), and is not set
automatically when you upload files. You need to change file permissions
manually. Refer to the
Introduction to CGI topic for more information.
Warning: It is important that none of your files or folders are
writable by anyone else. Any file or folder which is writable by others can be
erased by them. Generally there is no problem, just be
careful how you set your permissions.
To
change file or folder permissions:
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Navigate to the file or
folder that you need to change.
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Click on the name of the
file or folder.
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Click on the
Change Permissions link in the top-right corner of the window.
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Click on as many tick
boxes as you require to create the right permission. The permission numbers
underneath the tick boxes will update automatically.
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Click on the Change
button when you have finished setting the permission. The new permission
level has now been saved and the display updated to show the modified file.
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